Lesson 163 12.3 (cont.)

A method used to extract natural gas and oil from underground rock formations Hydraulic fracturing involves injecting fluid into the ground to create fractures in the rock.

Natural resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, primarily consisting of coal, oil, and natural gas. They are a major source of energy and contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions when burned.

What are the primary fossil fuels used for energy production and are derived from ancient organic materials.

A liquid derived from remains of ancient marine organisms, primarily composed of hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in production of various chemicals.

What is a mixture of sand, clay, water, and bitumen, a heavy, viscous form of crude oil that can be extracted and processed for fuel. They are primarily found in Canada and Venezuela, and their extraction and processing can have significant environmental impacts.

A fossil fuel primarily composed of methane, used for heating, electricity generation, and as a feedstock for chemical production.

A colorless, odorless gas that is the primary component of natural gas and a significant greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. It is produced during the decomposition of organic matter and is also released during the extraction and transport of fossil fuels.

Energy generated from natural processes continuously replenished, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Energy produced from organic materials, such as plants and animal waste. This is considered renewable because it utilizes resources that can be replenished naturally, and it can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

What is a type of biofuel produced by gasification of organic materials, primarily wood, through pyrolysis and combustion. It consists mainly of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane, and can be used for heating, electricity generation, and as fuel for internal combustion engines.

A biofuel made from the fermentation of sugars, primarily derived from corn, sugarcane, or other plant materials. It is commonly used as an additive in gasoline to reduce emissions and improve octane ratings.

A renewable energy source produced from the decomposition of organic matter, such as food waste, agricultural residues, and animal manure, through anaerobic digestion. This primarily consists of methane and carbon dioxide and can be used for heating, electricity generation, and as a vehicle fuel.