Toxicology
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Toxicology is the study of the ______ effects of _____ products in ____ and _____.
negative chemical humans and animals
The ____ is what differentiates the ____ from the _____.
dose remedy poison
What is the difference between intoxicant and poison?
intoxicants need big quantity, otherwise not generally toxic Poison is always toxic
Ruling out the implication of drugs as implicating drugs because the suspect can ________>
be sent for psychological analysis
What is the role of the forensic toxicologist? 3
1-determine the state of inebriation of an individual 2- determine if the cause of death of an individual was poison 3- determine whether drugs were implicated in a criminal’s actions.
In what type of cases will forensic toxicologists be involved?
suspected suicides driving under the influence suspected overdoses doping in sports murders by poisoning
What will the ME generally send to the lab for examination?
blood and other tissues
Biotransformation (also called ______) is a process in which a _____ is transformed into ________ inside the ____. The product of this process are called _____
mechanism drug another chemical body metabolites
Why does the body perform biotransformation?
eliminate them faster from the body.
Where is biotransformation usually done>
liver also lungs and kidneys
Toxicologists get samples from … 3
where the drug entered where the drug concentrates where the drug gets eliminated
What are the common entry, concentrated and exit spots?
entry: stomach content, tissues around injections concentrated: brain and liver exit: breath, urine, stools
Blood: The most ____. [ ] _____ well with effects. Most effective at determining [ ] at ____.
useful correlates TOD
Urine and Stomach content: [ ] ________ well with effects?
do not
Vitreous humor is ______. it is resistant to _____ and is often the only liquid in a decomposing corpse.
the liquid in the eye decay
Liver: can show the presence of drugs or their metabolites when … ______ for timeline.
blood doesnt not accurate
Hair, fingernails and toenails: absorbs _______. Unique ability to ________. Differentiates between shot and long term ____.
heavy metals provide intoxicating timeline poisoning
Instects can help establish ____. Bone and bone marrow are useful depending on ____ and ____ of bones.
TOD availability and condition
What are the four manners of death?
Natural, accidental homicidal and suicidal
Name and describe the 5 presumptive tests.
1- color test: change if + 2- Immunoassays: antigens/antibody reaction 3- TLC (thin layer chromatography) 4- Gas Chromatography: chemical makeup 5- UV spectroscopy
Name and describe 2 confirmatory tests.
1- Mass spectronometry GC/MS: breaks down molecule 2- Infrared spectroscopy
What are the four levels of blood?
1- normal = nothing 2- therapeutic = cure 3- toxic = dangerous side effects 4- lethal LD50 (50 people would die out of 100)
What is the difference between acute vs chronique poisoning?
acute appears withing hours or days
Alcholo: physically ___, _____ can be dangerous. Legal limit ____, coma ____, death ____. Alchol content in your ____ correlates _____. _______ can help determine blood alcohol level ____ hours before death.
addictive, withdrawal 0.08, 0.30. 0.40 lungs blood levels vitreous humor 1-2