DNA
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What is a gene?
A small section of DNA found in a chromosome
What do genes code for?
A gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids which are put together to make a specific protein
How many amino acids are used?
20
What is DNA?
DNA contains genetic information for creating proteins
What is a genome?
The entire set of genetic material in an organism
What does studying genomes help us understand?
• Allows to find which genomes match which diseases - Human migration paterns
What is DNA and what is it made of?
DNA is a polymer made up of lots of repeating units called nucleotides
What is each nucleotide made from?
A sugar, one phosphate group and one ‘base’
What are the four bases?
A, T, G, C At The Golf Club
What is it called when the bases pair up?
Complementary base paring
The order of the bases in a gene defines what?
The order of the amino acids in a protein
How many bases code for one amino acid?
three
What is mRNA?
Protein is made in the ribosome but the DNA in the nucleus is needed to find out how to make the protein. The DNA inside the nucleus can’t move out of the nucleus because it is too big. So the information is sent using mRNA. This acts as a carrier molecule
Name different types of proteins?
Enzymes Hormones Collagen
What are alleles?
Different versions of the same gene for the same characteristics
What does homozygous mean?
Two alleles that are the same
What does heterozygous mean?
Two different alleles
What does phenotype mean?
Physical characteristics
What does genotype mean?
The genetic material of an organism