2 - Inorganic Chemistry (h) Chemical tests

Place the substance near a lit splint, if Hydrogen is present it will go out with a squeaky pop

Place the substance near a glowing splint, if Oxygen is present it will relight the splint.

Bubble through Limewater (Calcium Hydroxide), if Carbon Dioxide is present it will turn to a cloudy white (precipitate)

Damp red litmus paper turns blue

Damp blue litmus paper bleaches to white

Dip a platinum or nichrome wire in hydrochloric acid (to remove things which will affect the colour). Then dip it into the solid being tested, and hold it over a roaring flame of a bunsen burner.

(Crimson) Red Yellow Lilac Orange-Red (Brick Red) Blue-Green Colourless

Add sodium hydroxide solution This produces ammonia gas Which turns damp red litmus paper blue

Add sodium hydroxide solution Copper (II) goes blue Iron (II) goes swampy green Iron (III) goes foxy brown

Add nitric acid to remove impurities Add acidified silver nitrate solution Chlorine goes white Bromine goes cream Iodine goes yellow

Add hydrochloric acid to remove impurities Add Barium chloride solution A white precipitate will form

Add hydrochloric acid Effervescence will occur (of CO2 bubbles) The bubbles can be bubbles through limewater (to go cloudy white) to prove they are CO2

Add anhydrous copper (II) sulphate It will go from white to blue if water is present

Test if it boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C