antibiotic resistance
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state 3 ways the antibodies kill bacteria
• prevent wall synthesis • disrupt cell membranes • interfere with protein synthesis
describe how antibodies prevent wall synthesis
• inhibit enzymes making cell wall molecules • bacteria dies from leakage or lyse from water entry
describe how antibodies disrupt cell membranes
• bind to phospholipids • distort structure • makes them too permeable
describe how antibodies interfere with protein synthesis
• attach onto bacterial ribosomes • prevents protein synthesis
how does antibiotic resistance occur?
• random mutation in bacteria population • provides a selective advantage • antibiotics only kill non resistant bacteria • resistant bacteria can grow and reproduce with no competition, passing on the allele
where is the mutated gene for resistance found?
in plasmid DNA
what is causing antibiotic resistance?
• widespread use • misuse • strengthens selective pressure
why is antibiotic resistance a problem?
• we are less able to treat potentially life threatening bacterial infections • can’t easily get rid of bacteria without antibiotics
state 2 ways we can overcome antibiotic resistance
• developing new antibiotics • modifying existing ones
give an example of antibiotic resistant bacteria
MRSA - causes serious wound infections - resistant to several antibiotics including meticillin
how can the likelihood of antibiotic resistance developing be reduced?
• doctors are encouraged to reduce use of antibiotics • not to prescribe for minor infections • patients are advised to finish the whole course
state 2 risks of using antibiotics
• side effects • allergic reactions