Structure and functions of living organisms - biological molecules
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What are the chemical elements present in carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What are the chemical elements present in proteins
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
What are the chemical elements present in lipids (fats and oils)
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What are Proteins made from (small basic unit(s))
Amino acids
What are Lipids made from (small basic unit(s))
Fatty acids x3 Glycerol x1
What are Carbohydates made from made from (small basic unit(s))
Starch - multiple glucose molecules (+ maltose) (polysaccharide) Glucose - Is a monomer
What is the test for the presence of starch
The Iodine test - A result varies from orange/brown (no starch) to Blue/Black (high concentration of starch)
What is the test for the presence of glucose
Benedicts test (+ heat, normally water bath) - A result varies from blue (no glucose) to Brick Red (high concentration of glucose)
What is the test for the presence of protein
Biuret test (Buried solution + distilled water) A positive result goes from blue to purple
What is the test for the presence of lipids
Ethanol + water Positive test = white emulsion
What is the role of enzymes
They are biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
How do temperature changes affect enzymes
An enzymes active site is deformed when the temperature is too high An enzymes optimal temperature is 37 degrees celcius as well as: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z88hcj6/revision/2#:~:text=As%20with%20many%20chemical%20reactions,and%20can%20no%20longer%20function.
Practical: How can enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature
https://www.savemyexams.com/igcse/biology/edexcel/19/revision-notes/2-structure-and-function-in-living-organisms/biological-molecules/2-12-practical-investigating-temperature–enzyme-activity/
How can an enzyme’s function be changed by PH
When the PH is too high the active site is deformed and the enzyme becomes denatured https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z88hcj6/revision/2#:~:text=As%20with%20many%20chemical%20reactions,and%20can%20no%20longer%20function.
Practical Investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in PH
https://igcse-biology-2017.blogspot.com/2017/06/214b-practical-investigate-how-enzyme.html
How does an enzyme work
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwnstv4/revision/1#:~:text=Enzyme%20action,An%20enzyme’s%20active%20site
What are the specific enzymes for: 1) Carbohydrates 2) Starch 3) Protein 4) Fats (lipids)
1) Carbohydrase 2) Amylase 3) Protease 4) Lipase