Toxicology

No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.

Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Study of poisons and xenobiotics

Back (Answer)

TOXICOLOGY

Front (Question)

substances that can cause harmful effects upon exposure

Back (Answer)

Poisons

Front (Question)

substances that are not normally found or produced by the body

Back (Answer)

Xenobiotics

Front (Question)

4 MAJOR INTERRELATED DISCIPLINES OF TOXICOLOGY

Back (Answer)

Mechanistic Toxicology Descriptive Toxicology Forensic Toxicology Clinical Toxicology

Front (Question)

Dose-Response Mechanism

Back (Answer)

Mechanistic Toxicology

Front (Question)

Dose of toxin that will result in harmful effects

Back (Answer)

Dose-Response Mechanism

Front (Question)

Determines the dose of toxin that will result in harmful effects

Back (Answer)

Mechanistic Toxicology

Front (Question)

Provides a basis for rational therapy design from the known harmful dose

Back (Answer)

Mechanistic Toxicology

Front (Question)

Development of laboratory tests to assess the degree of exposure in individuals

Back (Answer)

Mechanistic Toxicology

#10

Front (Question)

involves risk assessment of toxins

Back (Answer)

Descriptive Toxicology

#11

Front (Question)

Performed by FDA and part of pre-clinical studies of novel drugs

Back (Answer)

Risk assessment

#12

Front (Question)

Assesses toxic, lethal, and effective dose

Back (Answer)

Risk assessment (Descriptive Toxicology)

#13

Front (Question)

Uses result from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm in humans

Back (Answer)

Descriptive Toxicology

#14

Front (Question)

Medical & legal consequence of toxin exposure; performed in autopsy

Back (Answer)

Forensic Toxicology

#15

Front (Question)

Establishes & validates analytical performance of tests methods used to generate evidence in legal situations

Back (Answer)

Forensic Toxicology

#16

Front (Question)

Study of interrelationship between toxin exposure and disease states (toxic effect)

Back (Answer)

Clinical Toxicology

#17

Front (Question)

Emphasis on diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention (antidote to toxins)

Back (Answer)

Clinical Toxicology

#18

Front (Question)

ROUTES OF TOXIN EXPOSURE

Back (Answer)

Ingestion – most often in clinical setting Inhalation Transdermal absorption

#19

Front (Question)

how is toxin absorbed in GI tract

Back (Answer)

Passive diffusion *not requiring transport protein

#20

Front (Question)

substances readily diffusible across cell membranes along GI

Back (Answer)

Hydrophobic (non-polar) subs.

#21

Front (Question)

substances that cannot passively diffuse across cell membranes (require transporters)

Back (Answer)

Ionized subs.

#22

Front (Question)

absorbed in the stomach; proteinated by gastric juices → became non-ionized → readily absorbed by stomach

Back (Answer)

Weak acids

#23

Front (Question)

absorbed in the intestine (neutral to slightly alkaline pH)

Back (Answer)

Weak bases

#24

Front (Question)

some toxins that are not absorbed by GI produce these local effects given that they are toxic to that site

Back (Answer)

diarrhea malabsorption GI bleeding