Tools & Cultural Evolution

• Oldowan (H.Habilis) • Acheulian (H.Erectus) • Mousterian (H.Neanderthals) • Aurignac (H.Sapiens) • Soluterean (H.Sapiens) • Magdalenian (H.Sapiens)

Tool Culture: Oldowan Years Ago: 2 Million years ago Tool: First regular USERS of tools, stone tools, simple choppers, pebbles, sones, scrapers, flakes removed Used for: Chopping or cutting meat or materials, scraper to remove wastes/materials, clean animal hides Hunting: were hunters and scavengers Diet: Herbivore and Omnivore Shelter: Trees and caves Communication: increased communication, developed spoken language however larynx not well developed for complex speech

Tool Culture: Acheulian Years Ago: 400 000 years ago Tool: Hand axes, flint, stone tools, more sophisticated tools Used for: MANIPULATED ENVIRONMENT TO SUIT THEM, used for butchering carcasses, cleaning animal hides, scraping to remove waste Hunting: Hunters and scavengers Diet: Omnivore and Herbivore Brain: increased size due to logical thought and meat eating, complex fats required energy supplied to the brian Communication: complex language, increased organisation Shelter: built huts, Increased interdependence , increased cooperation, cared for young Fire: FIRST TO USE FIRE: Kept Predators away, warmth, cooking, stampede of animals

Tool Culture: Mousterian Years Ago: 200 000 years ago, Palaeolithic period, MANIPULATED ENVIRONMENT TO SUIT THEM Tools: More flaked tools, production of stone flakes, used for cutting, scraping, piercing, use of a soft hammer stone, bone or antler to produce more flakes Fire: Yes Diet: Omnivore Hunting: Good hunters Communication: increased communication Brain: increased brain developed Clothing: flaked tools enabled people living in colder environments ti become good clothes makers with skin of animals Sharing: CEREMONIAL BURIALS, BELIEVED IN THE AFTER LIFE, CARED FOR THE DISABLED Shelter: sheltered in caves

Tool Culture: Aurignac, Soluterean, Magdalenian Years ago: 50 000 years old Tool: >Auriginac -blade tools hunting for meat, skin (clothing), fat for oil lamps, pressure flaking to retouch blades >Soluterean - willow leaf and laurel leaf, hunting, for meat, skin (clothing), fat for oil lamps, pressure flaking to retouch blades >Magdalenian - mostly bone and antler, metal tools, needles, harpoons, to sew clothes