Solution and Colligative Properties

Matter exists in two types

have fixed composition such as elements and compounds

have variable composition

Two types of mixture:

have a single phase and are same in appearance throughout

mixture that have two or more distinct phases

homogenous mixtures that consists of solute and solvent

substance that is dissolved

dissolving agent

Solution may be classified according to the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) of the solvent and the solute such as:

contains less amount of solvent

contains more solvent

maximum amount of solute dissolved by a given amount of solvent at a definite temperature

Temperature dependent

contains less solute and completely dissolves in a given amount of solvent, at a particular temperature

the solvent contains the maximum amount of solute at a particular temperature

contains the maximum amount of solute at a higher temperature

The solubility of a particular solute in a given solvent is affected by several factors which includes the following

smaller particle size has larger surface area, thus, there is more points of interactions between the solute and solvent molecules. T Therefore, smaller particle size favors a _____ rate of dissolution

in general, a higher temperature (increases/decreases) the solubility of solid solute in liquid. The opposite is true for gases which becomes (more/less) soluble in liquid as temperature increases

solubility follows the rule “like ____like”.

Polar solutes dissolve in polar/nonpolar solvent while nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar/polar solvent

this applies only to gaseous solute in liquid. An increase in pressure ____the rate of the solubility of gas

as the temperature increases, solubility _____ (in most cases) except in gases (more heat, (more/less) gas dissolves)