Biology - Topic 3 - Genetics
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Which structures are found inside the nucleus?
chromosomes
Which substance forms a long strand in each chromosome?
DNA
How do body cells make copies of themselves?
cell division, mitosis
How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell nucleus?
46
What happens in fertilisation?
two gametes fuse
What is the name of the cell formed in fertilisation?
zygote, fertilised egg cell
Which term means producing more of the same kind of organism?
reproduction
What is the name of the human male gamete?
sperm cell
The DNA strand in a chromosome contains sections that carry instructions for characteristics. What are these sections called?
genes
What would happen to the number of chromosomes in a zygote if two body cells were used in fertilisation?
it would have twice the number it should
How many chromosomes does a human gametecontain?
23
Where are genes found?
(in sections of DNA) on chromosomes
What does a gene carry the instructions for?
making a protein
A protein is made by linking together smaller molecules. What are these smaller molecules called?
amino acids
What is any molecule made of repeating units called?
a polymer
A human cell contains 46 strands of DNA. Is it diploid or haploid?
diploid
Are the cells produced by meiosis haploid or diploid?
haploid
Are the cells produced by mitosis haploid or diploid?
diploid
What shape is DNA?
double helix
What is a chromosome made out of?
DNA and proteins (to package the DNA)
What are the letters of the bases that form the DNA code?
A, C, T and G
How do the bases pair up in DNA?
A with T, C with G
Apart from bases, what other parts are needed in a DNA molecule?
phosphate group, sugar
What is one phosphate group, one sugar and one base called?
nucleotide