9-11. Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Immunofixation (SPE and IFE)
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Decreased levels of this protein may be due to old sample
C3 (heat-labile + denatures on storage @RT)
Ceruloplasmin and copper relative levels in Wilson’s disease?
LOW cer HIGH HIGH Cu
Function of haptoglobin and which protein fraction is it found in?
Alpha 2 Binds free hgb; acts as a scavenger to recycle hgb parts
Ceruloplasmin and copper relative levels in Menkes’ disease?
LOW cer LOW Cu
Most common type of myeloma?
IgG myeloma with kappa or lambda light chains
Proteinuria due to paraproteins and free light chains in monoclonal gammopathies
Overload proteinuria
Increasing this property of the buffer will provide sharper band separation
Ionic strength
2 proteins in beta 1 fraction
Transferrin Lipoproteins
Most plasma proteins are ________ charged at normal blood pH
negatively
Slurring of albumin may be seen with this disease
Liver disease (due to binding of bilirubin to albumin)
Potential sources of false positives in biuret method of total protein determination?
Hemolysis Lipemia Bilirubin
Increase of __ globulins may be due to iron deficiency anemia
Beta
What causes the formation of a beta-gamma bridge?
Marked IgA increase
2 reasons for bisalbuminemia?
• Congenital - Drug binding
Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia can occur in response to treatment with what 4 things?
• Corticosteroids • Immunosuppressants • Chemotherapy • Radiotherapy
Disorder that causes very low albumin but substantial increase of 4 globulin fractions to compensate for severe hypoalbuminemia to maintain oncotic pressure?
Congenital analbuminemia
Most resolutive and sensitive technique for detection of IgG oligoclonal bands?
CSF isoelectric focusing (IEF)
Protein that inhibits proteases (trypsin, pepsin, plasmin)
a2-macroglobulin
Serum and CSF carrier of the thyroxine (T4); AKA pre-albumin
Transthyretin (TTR)
Lab tests that may suggest multiple myeloma
• High calcium • Abnormal kidney and liver tests • Low albumin • Urinalysis high proteins • Increased ESR • Hematology PBF - plasma cells CRAB = high Calcium, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions
What is the only DEFINITIVE sign of amyloidosis?
Macroglossia (stiffling of tongue)
Another test that can help diagnose acute inflammation?
ESR
Main indicator on SPE pattern that suggests chronic liver disease?
Beta-gamma bridge
Proteinuria due to Waldenstrom’s or myeloma
Tubular damage