networking

4 groups of denary numbers between 0 and 255 separated by full stops

8 groups of hex numbers between 0 and FFFF separated by colons

-fast connection speed -unlikely to have unauthorized access or be hacked into -little interference -long transmission distance

-easy to add new devices -people don’t have to be stuck in one place -some devices don’t allow wired connections -allows a larger number of connections without having to install connections

-less data collisions -easier to add new nodes -central computer can monitor and control transmissions, updates and backups -if one computer breaks the rest of the network still works

-no central point for failure -doesn’t need the cost of the central switch

-connects the devices in a network together -receives data from all the devices connected to the network -stores addresses of the nodes in a table -Directs the data packets to the device and if there is no address then it is directed to all devices

A self-contained area of network functionality

-each layer is independent -one layer can be changed without affecting the others -separates tasks so they can be developed independently -a developer can specialize the layers -it allows for standards for individual tasks -manufacturers can develop hardware to fit into one layer and can be used to group similar protocols

-hyper text transfer protocol (secure) -to access a webpage and the s is encrypted

-file transfer protocol -to upload a file to a server or download a file from a server

-simple mail transfer protocol -sends emails

-post office protocol -downloads the emails from a server but if emails are accessed from another device the emails wont be in sync -read the without internet but not on multiple devices

-internet message access protocol -leaves emails on server and if accessed on multiple devices emails are synced -cannot view them offline but can view them on multiple devices

-application -Transport -Link -Internet

encodes and decodes the message

breaks down message into packets

enables physical transfer of packets between the nodes of a network

adds senders IP address and recipients IP address

-self-contained which makes managing, repairing and upgrading easier as each layer can be worked on independent of other layers -allow for focus on specific parts of a protocol without affecting other layers -promotes data exchange (interoperability) between hardware and software

-local area network -network that covers a small geographical area, on one site only, and the infrastructure is all owned by the same company

-less data transmitted at the same time -bandwidth is split between the devices so less bandwidth for each individual device -devices may have to wait longer before they can transmit -more collisions are likely so more data will have to be transmitted

-the amount of information that can be transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time

-Used by all manufacturers -High bandwidth -Allows compatibility with other devices -Ethernet has built in security