plant transport systems
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what is the function of the cuticle?
waterproof layer that reduces water loss from the leaf
what is the function of the upper epidermis?
protects the leaf and allows light to pass through to the layer below
what is the function of the palisade mesophyll cells?
absorbs light for photosynthesis
what is the function of the spongy mesophyll cells?
absorbs light for photosynthesis
what is the function of the xylem?
transports water and minerals from the soil to the leaf for photosynthesis
what is the function of the phloem?
transports sugar from photosynthesising cells to the rest of the plant
what is the function of the air spaces?
allows the diffusion of gases within the leaf
what is the function of the stoma?
allows the carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit the leaf
what is the function of the guard cells?
controls gas exchange between the leaf and the air outside the leaf
what is the process by which water moves up the plant and is lost by evaporation from stomata in plant leaves called?
transpiration
how is the rate of transpiration controlled?
the stomata open in the light and close in the dark
which 4 factors can increase transpiration?
wind speed temperature humidity leaf surface area
how is the rate of transpiration measured?
using a potometer
how is the xylem adapted to transport water and minerals salts from the soil through the plant?
are lignified (have spirals or rings of lignin) to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant.
how is the phloem adapted to transport sugar up and down the plant ?
Have sieve plates and associated companion cells
what are the three plant organs?
roots, stems and leaves