Intro 2 Organic Chem Definitions

formula showing the number of atoms from each element but not the structure of the molecule

smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

-diagram representation of an organic compound -lines represent bonds between atoms and atoms are represented by their symbol. -hydrogen atoms are assumed to be at the end of the line if no other atomic symbol is present.

formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound but does not show all the bonds between them

all covalent bonds between all atoms are shown

series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties

A type of empirical formula that shows the composition of any member of a homologous series

Occurs when two double bonded carbon atoms each have two different atoms or groups attached to them

-type of stereoisomerism -occurs due to the restricted rotation around the carbon double bond -results in two different groups on one end of the bond and two different groups on the other end -if the highest priority groups for each carbon are found on the same side of the molecule, then it is the Z-isomer -if the highest priority groups for each carbon are found on opposite sides of the molecule, then it is the E-isomer Remember Zame side

compounds which have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Isomers that occur due to the branching in the carbon chain

Isomers where the carbon backbone of the isomers are the same but the important groups are at different positions on the backbone.

Isomers that contain different functional groups -belong to different homologous series

An uncharged molecule or atom with an unpaired valence electron

-atom/group on each side of the double bond with the higher Ar/Mr is given the higher priority -these groups are used to determine if it is the E or Z isomer e.g. Br has higher Ar than F, so it has the higher priority

Group of atoms within a compound that give it its properties