Strcutures
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What does a giant ionic lattice look like
3d dimensional lactic of alternating metal and non metal ions
What are examples of giant ionic lattice
Sodium chloride Magnesium oxide Any metal and non metal
Properties of giant ionic lattices
-Crystalline -high melting points -conducts electricity when liquid/molten -does not conduct electricity when solid -soluble in water -high boiling points
What does a covalent molecular look like
Molecules with dashed lines repenting van de waals forces in between
What are some examples of covalent molecular
Iodine Carbon dioxide Water Hydrogen chloride Ammonia
What are the properties of covalent molecular
Low melting and boiling points Do not conduct electricity Not very soluble in water Soft when solid
What does diamond structure look like
Each carbon covalent bonds to 4 other carbons in a giant tetrahedral structure. Giant covalent/ macro molecular structure.
What are the properties of diamond
Very high melting and boiling points Diamond does not conduct electricity Insoluble in water Extremely hard
What does graphite look like
3d hexagonsl structure with layers. 3 covalent bonds between each carbon leaving one electron delocalised
What are the properties of graphite
Graphite does conduct electricity as they have a delocalised electron free to carry charge Graphite slippery soft solid layers that can slide over each other Graphite is used as a lubricant and in pencil lead
What does graphene look like
Single atom thick layer of graphite with strong covalent bonds between each carbon atom. The atoms are arranged hexagon and are two dimensions 
What are the properties of graphene
Graphene does conduct electricity as it has delocalised electrons Graphing conducts heat and electricity efficiently nearly transparent Graphing is 100 times stronger than steel very thin, light and inexpensive It is insoluble because of the 3 strong covalent bonds It is a man-made structure 
What is graphene used in
-solar cells -light emitting diodes -touch panels -smart windows or phones
Name 3 giant covalent structures
Diamond Graphite Graphene
What do diamond graphite and graphene all have in common
They are all allotropes of carbon
What does a giant metallic structure look like
Regular lattice of positive metal ions with delocalised electrons randomly scattered throughout the
What are the properties of giant metallic structure
High melting and boiling points Dense (tight packing makes them dense) Conducts electricity Conducts heat Malleable Ductile
Allotrope
Allotropes are different forms of the same element in the same physical state
Ductile
Can be drawn into wires
Malleable
Can be hammered into shape
Metallic bonding
The attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive ions in a regular lattice 
Why do giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when molten but not when solid? 
When solid, giant ionic lattices are arranged in tight strong regular lattice structure meaning the ions can’t carry the charge of electricity because no ions are free to. But when dissolved in water or melted the strong electrostatic interactions of the giant ionic lattice are overcome and the ions are free to move and carry current/charge 
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling because ionic bonds have a strong electrostatic attraction between them which require large amounts of heat energy to break
What is a covalent bond
Shared pair of electrons between two non metal atoms