alkanes
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general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
how are sigma bonds formed?
overlap of 2 orbitals, for each bonding atom
what are the bond angles of alkanes?
109.5
what is the shape from alkanes?`
tetrahedral
explain the effect of chain length of boiling point.
• as the chain length increases • surface area increases • greater surface area of contact • London forces increases • more energy is needed to overcome the forces • boiling point increases
explain the effect of branching on boiling point
• more branching • decrease in surface area of contact • London forces increases • less energy is needed to overcome the forces • boiling point decreases
explain why alkanes do not react with most common reagents.
• sigma bonds are strong • C-C bonds are non- polar • C-H bonds are non- polar • electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are similar
write the equation for the complete combustion of alkanes
alkane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
write the equation for the incomplete combustion of alkanes
alkane + oxygen -> carbon monoxide/ carbon + water
explain the limitations of radical substitution in organic synthesis
• further substitution resulting in a mixture of compounds being formed • Substitution at different positions in a carbon chain