Air & Water

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What is coal gasification?

Back (Answer)

The process of producing syngas from coal, water, and oxygen

Front (Question)

What is syngas?

Back (Answer)

A raw material that can be used as a fuel or to produce useful chemicals

Front (Question)

Benefit of using hydrogen as a fuel

Back (Answer)

It is environmentally-friendly since it only releases H2O as a product

Front (Question)

Source of hydrogen

Back (Answer)

• steam reformation of methane - cracking of hydrocarbons

Front (Question)

Percentage of nitrogen in air:

Back (Answer)

79%

Front (Question)

Percentage of oxygen in air

Back (Answer)

20%

Front (Question)

Percentage of carbon dioxide in air:

Back (Answer)

0.3%

Front (Question)

Results of fractional distillation of air:

Back (Answer)

• Oxygen • Argon • Nitrogen

Front (Question)

Uses of oxygen

Back (Answer)

• making steel • oxygen tents in hospitals • oxy-acetylene flames in welding • oxygen cylinders for divers/high-altitude mountaineers

#10

Front (Question)

Source of carbon monoxide

Back (Answer)

Incomplete combustion of compounds containing carbon Includes: petrol, coal, oil, gas

#11

Front (Question)

Effect of carbon monoxide

Back (Answer)

Reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen. Instead of oxyhemoglobin, it becomes carboxyhaemoglobin.

#12

Front (Question)

Source of lead compounds:

Back (Answer)

Car exhausts. It is formed through the combustion of petrol containing lead.

#13

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of lead compounds

Back (Answer)

Causes lead poisoning, which may lead to brain damage

#14

Front (Question)

Sources of methane

Back (Answer)

• bacterial decay of vegetable matter - waste gases from digestion in animals

#15

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of methane

Back (Answer)

Greenhouse gas

#16

Front (Question)

Source of ozone

Back (Answer)

Photochemical reactions

#17

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of ozone

Back (Answer)

reacts with unburned hydrocarbons to form photochemical smog, which causes respiration problems

#18

Front (Question)

Source of unburned hydrocarbons

Back (Answer)

• incomplete combustion of petrol in internal combustion engines of cars • leakage from petrol tanks in vehicles (petrol vaporises and escapes)

#19

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of hydrocarbons

Back (Answer)

Some hydrocarbons are toxic and can disrupt healthy cell growth in small children

#20

Front (Question)

Source of sulphur dioxide

Back (Answer)

• burning of fossil fuels containing sulphur compounds - volcanic eruptions

#21

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of sulphur dioxide

Back (Answer)

Causes acid rain

#22

Front (Question)

Source of nitrogen oxides

Back (Answer)

• combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines at high temperatures • lightning activity

#23

Front (Question)

Harmful effects of nitrogen oxides

Back (Answer)

• acid rain - catalyses the photochemical formation of ozone

#24

Front (Question)

Effects of acid rain:

Back (Answer)

• erosion of steel/concrete structures • increased soil acidity • lower pH levels in lakes/streams • aquatic life affected