EXAM 1

Preserves formed elements but interferes with pH reading, used to preserve urine for culture and sensitivity testing.

inhibits bacterial growth, causes changes in characteristics of cellular sediment, may be used in aldosterone testing.

Inhibits bacterial growth, useful glucose preservative, stable for 72 hours, must be protected from light (affects bilirubin and urobilinogen)

Preserves urinary sediment, and may precipitate protein and give a false-positive result for reducing substances.

Release formaldehyde, interferes with reducing substance at high concentration, increase specific gravity.

Preserves ketones, proteins, and reducing substances. Not effective against bacteria present. Floats on the surface o urine and is flammable.

rarely used, interferes with acid precipitation test fr protein but not reagent strip test.

Is when there is an excessive amount of urine at >3L/day

> 500ml of urine at night

<400ml of urine a day

No urine output

Is a lipid soluble pigment that gives urine its characteristic color

Produces an orange/brown color

produces a pink color.

Detection of reducing substances

Detection of bilirubin

Detection of Ketones

Proteins

Urobillinogen and Porphobilinogen

4.5-8.0

Acid indicator

alkaline indicator

Diet (high protein, cranberry ingestion), sleep, acidifying drugs, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, UTI with acid producing bacteria E.coli.

Diet (vegetarian, low carbohydrate diet, citrus fruits) Alkaline drugs, Acute and chronic renal failure, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, UTI with alkaline producing organism pseudomonas.