Biology CELLS YR 12
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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what are the 5 characteristics of a living thing?
Movement, reproduction, growth, respiration and nutrition
What is the main component of a cell?
Cytoplasm that’s made of cytosol
What is the cell membrane comprised of?
Phospholipid bilayer
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
What is the function of cell membrane?
Regulates substances out and in of the cell and allows attachment of cytoskeleton
What is the fluid mosaic model?
It describes the cell membrane as a dynamic living structure made of different components.
Cell walls help plant/fungi cells how?
Gives cell rigidity and shape
What are Eukaryotes characteristics?
10-100µm diameter big, linear DNA, has nucleus, has membrane bound organelles, two or more chromosome and unicellular/multicellular.
What are prokaryotes characteristics?
1-10µm diameter small, circular DNA, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, single chromosome and unicellular.
How were eukaryotes formed?
An ancestral prokaryotes engulfed a mitochondria and chloroplast which became permanent organelles
What is the membrane of the nucleus called?
Nuclear envelope that has pores
What is the function of the nucleus?
Determines which proteins are made and its structure/function
What does the nucleolus do?
synthesizes rRNA
What occurs at mitochondria?
aerobic respiration
What is the inner foldings of the mitochondria called and why it’s important?
Cristae which increases SA:V ratio
Why is the chloroplast important?
Synthesis and storage of food
What are the flattened sacs of the chloroplast called and why it’s important?
Thylakoids which increases SA:V ratio
Stacked thylakoids are called what and what fluid surrounds?
Grana and stroma
What do vacuoles control?
salt and water balance
what is a vesicle and what are specialised vesicle called?
small vacuoles and called lysosomes (digestive enzymes)
What is the structure of the golgi body and why it’s important?
Flattened smooth membrane sacs that increases SA:V ratio
What is the function of the golgi body?
Packaging and secretion of proteins and carbohydrates
What is the process of the golgi body secretion called?
exocytosis
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Transports proteins and lipids to parts of the cell