Bonding
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What are the three main types of bonding ?
Covalent bonds Metallic bonds Ionic bonds
What is covalent bonds between?
Non-metals
What are metallic bonds between?
Metals
What are ionic bonds between ?
Compound containing metals and non-metals
What is the only group to exist as single atoms and do not bond ?
Noble gases
What do atom achieve when they bond ?
Full outer electron shell
What is a covalent bond?
The attraction between the two positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons (negative)
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
What are chemical bonds ?
Invisible forces of attraction between positive and negative charges that hold atoms together
What are the 2 types of covalent substances ?
Covalent molecular Covalent network
What are covalent molecular structures like ?
Discrete and held together by weak intermolecular forces (called Van Der Waals force)
Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points ?
Only weak Van Der Waals need to be broken
What do covalent network structures consist of ?
A giant lattice of atoms all covalently bonded to each other
Why do covalent network substances have high melting and boiling points?
Strong covalent bonds must be broken
Give 3 examples of covalent network?
Carbon diamond Carbon graphite Silicon dioxide
What is the difference between the melting point of a covalent network and a covalent molecular?
Covalent molecular : low mp/bp Covalent network : high mp/bp
What is the difference in the type of bond broken to melt between a covalent network and a covalent molecular ?
Covalent molecular : intermolecular forces (weak Van Der Waals) Covalent network : strong covalent bond
What condition can covalent molecules be at room temperature?
Solid Liquid Or gas
What condition are covalent networks at room temperature ?
Always solid
What are ionic bonds formed between?
Metals and nonmetals
How do ionic compounds form?
By transferring electron(s) from the metal to the nonmetal
When ionic compounds react, what happens to the metal atoms?
Loses electrons to become positively charged ions.
When ionic compounds react, what happens to the nonmetal atoms?
Gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.
What are the resulting ions considered as after an ionic compound has been formed?
The resulting ions are oppositely charged and attract each other