Biothechnologies

a process by which cells are reproduced outside their natural environment

-studying the growth and lifespan of bacteria -developing vaccines -creating tissue or skin for burn victims

-obtain the mother cell -find appropriate medium(flask, petri dish) -reproduce original conditions of cell environment -add nutrient source: water and sugar

idea temperature, pressure, humidity and pH levels

it stimulates the immune system, after the vaccination, the body produces antibodies that protect against that disease

attenuated (live ) vaccine inactivated vaccine

prepared with living bacteria or virus, they only use a little bit to make the body used to it. MMR, varicella, rotavirus

the bacteria or virus has been killed ( no longer pathogenic) using chemical, heat or UV rays. They cans till stimulate the immune system Tdap, twinrix

because some plants had desired traits , they wanted more of those

technique of increasing desired traits within a population over many generations

modificaion of specied Dna by either removing or modifying one or more genes , or by introducing genes from another another species

is a living organism whose genetic material has been modified by the introduction of one Hormone foreign genes.

to have new and @beneficial@ traits

• more nutritional value -transfer of usefull genes from one species to another -obtaining food more resistant to herbicides and pesticides -obtaining foods that can ast longer (delayed ripening) making them easier to transport

-new, increase in allergies -increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria (superbugs) -ethical concerns

hormone treatments artificial insemination (IUI) In vitro fertilization(IVF) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)

woman takes injection to help trigger ovulation, can lead to multiple pregnancies

when spermatozoa are introduced direction into the woman’s. Fertilization happens in vivo

ova is fertilized by spermatozoa in a laboratory(in petri dish), outside woman’s body, if embryo obtained, they are implanted into woman’s body

used when man only produces small number of viable spermatozoa, ova are collected and spermatazoon ( 1) is inserted directly into the ovum. embryo obtains goes back into woman’s body.

heterosexual couple single female lesbian couple

heterosexual couple when male has very few viable sperm cells

heterosexual couple single female(if IUI doesn’t work) homosexual couple single male(surrogate needed)