Intro Soil
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5 Soil Forming Factors
• Parent Material • Climate • Topography • Biota • Time
Mineral
Naturally occurring, inorganic substance with crystalline structure, formed by geological processes.
Crystalline
Repeating pattern
Rock
Combination of 2 or more minerals. May contain organic remains
3 Types of Rock
• Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic
Igneous
starting point for rocks Can see the individual minerals
2 Types of Igneous Rock and define.
Extrusive (cools on surface) Intrusive (cools below surface)
Sedimentary Rock
weathered igneous rocks are eroded and re-deposited. Successive layers settle on top of each other.
Metamorphic Rock
Adaption due to heat and pressure.
Residuum
Weathers in place. Does not move around.
Alluvial
Stream or river floods and moves parent material
Alluvial Fan & Alluvial Delta (locations)
Fan: base of a mountain Delta: into the sea
The Nile is an example of…
Alluvial
Marine
deposits in one direction (ocean waves washing ashore)
Lacustrine
One time lake bottom
Glacial till
Glacier breaks away and pulls material from below (till)
Eolian
Wind blown
Loess
Wind blown silt. Forms on floodplains of glacial rivers. Fine consistency like flour.
Colluvium
Transport down slope due to gravity