David Hume - Human nature
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Impressions
Perceptions that enter with force and violence
Ideas
Faint images of impressions in thinking and reasoning
Simple perception
No separation between idea and impression
Complex perception
Distinguishing between idea and impression
Proposition
All simple ideas are derived from corresponding simple impressions
Innate ideas
Ideas not derived from impressions but born within
Necessary connexion
The idea that two objects are necessarily connected, derived from impressions
Causation
The relationship between cause and effect, derived from impressions
Power (objects and impressions)
The efficacy or capability of an object or being to cause change, lacking clear definition without impressions
Custom and imagination
Influence the understanding of cause and effect relationships
Definition of cause (David Hume)
The relationship between objects where the idea of one determines the mind to form the idea of the other, derived from impressions
Constant conjunction (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
The consistent occurrence of objects together, determining causation
Contiguity in space and time (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
Cause and effect must be closely related in both space and time
Precedence of cause (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
The cause must precede the effect
Constant union (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
There must be a constant connection between cause and effect
Same cause, same effect (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
The principle that the same cause produces the same effect, derived from experience
Specific distinctions (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
Differences in effects among resembling objects stem from their specific distinctions
Compound effect (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
When an object’s increase or decrease corresponds with its cause, it implies a compounded effect
Assistance from another principle (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
Objects may require assistance from another principle to fully exert their influence.
Common qualities among objects (Rules by which to judge of causes and effects)
Similar effects produced by different objects indicate common qualities.