Measuring Fear, Anxiety And Depression
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What is Boissy et al’s 2007 definition of Emotions?
Emotions = a short-lived affective response to an event that is associated with specific bodily changes
What are the 3 components of emotions?
1) Subjective experience 2) Behavioural expressive component 3) Neurophysiological expressive component
What is Nettle and Bateson’s 2012 definition of moods?
Moods = relatively enduring affective states that arise when negative or positive experience in one context or time period alters the individuals threshold for responding to potentially negative or positive events in subsequent contexts or time periods
True or false Moods are the background emotional state against which responses to emotions occur
True
How are moods triggered?
Moods are triggered by the accumulation of experience
How are emotions triggered?
Emotions have an immediate triggering event
True or false In human contexts it’s possible to experience extreme interactions which can then result in an emotional state which spills over over time
True
What happens when an emotional state is sustained?
When an emotional state is sustained it can turn into a mood
What happens if a mood state is prolonged for a long period of time?
If the mood states are prolonged for very long periods of time then they can become pathological By pathological I mean clinical states will begin to show
Define fear
Fear = A complex negative short-lived affective state functioning to preserve life from threat/pain
What is Sylvers et al 2011’s definition of fear?
An aversive emotional state during which an organism is motivated to escape a specific and imminent threat
What is Dias et al 2013’s definition of fear?
Fear = Stimulated by specific stimuli and resulting in defensive responses that gradually subside when these are no longer present
How is fear characterised?
Fear is characterized by short-lived high arousal that quickly dissipates after the threat is avoided
What triggers fear?
Fear is only seen in the presence of specific triggers
Is fear a mood or emotion?
Emotion
Is anxiety a mood or emotion?
Mood Anxiety is a complex negative sustained affective state or mood
True or false When anxiety is very enduring we can get clinical anxiety which is pathological
True
What is Dias et al 2013’s definition of anxiety?
A state of apprehensive mood accompanied by increased arousal and vigilance that arises from general and non-specific stimuli perceived as being potentially threatening (in the future)
What is Sylvers et al 2011’s definition of anxiety?
Anxiety = An emotion that motivates hypervigilance, with heightened sensitivity to external stimuli that represent an ambiguous or uncertain threat
What is anxiety associated with?
Anxiety behaviour is fear-like but may occur in absence of external triggers and is associated with a sustained elevated, but lower arousal state than fear
True or false Anxiety has specific triggers in the environment
False Anxiety has no specific trigger in the environment
What is the emotional valence of fear and anxiety?
They’re both negative valence
What’s the temporal focus of anxiety and fear?
Fear is present focussed Anxiety is future focussed
What is the duration of arousal for fear and anxiety?
Fear is phasic (brief) Anxiety is tonic (sustained)