Immune System
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Brief overview of what the immune system includes
Primary lymphoid organs Secondary lymphatic tissues Various cells in the innate + adaptive immune system
What comes under the primary lymphoid organs of the immune system
Thymus Bone marrow
What comes under the secondary lymphatic tissues
Spleen Tonsils Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Adenoids Skin Liver
What comes under innate leukocytes (WBC)
Phagocytes Mast cells Eosinophils Basophils Natural killer (NK) cells
INNATE LEUKOCYTES What comes under phagocytes?
Macrophages Neutrophils Dendritic cells
Functions of innate leukocytes
Identify + eliminate pathogens Mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system
What are MHC I molecules?
Proteins on the surfaces of all nucleated cells that help the immune system distinguish between “self” (body cells) and “non-self” (foreign cells).
What do MHC I mol do if the cell is infected?
MHC I mol displays fragments of proteins from the infectious agents to T-cells.
Do healthy cells display MHC I molecules?
No so are ignored by the immune system.
What happens to cells identified as “non-self” by foreign proteins?
Will be attacked by the immune system.
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN Role of the Thymus
Provides an env for the development of T cells from heamatopoietic progenitor cells.
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN When is the Thymus its largest + most active?
During the neonatal + pre-adolescent period of development.
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN By what stage in life does the thymus begin to atrophy and what else happens?
Early teens Thyme stroma is replaced by adipose tissue
When does T-lymphopoiesis occur?
All through life.
PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN Role of the bone marrow
RBC prod in the heads of long bones. Red bone marrow is a key element in the lymphatic system as it generates lymphocytes from immature hematopoietic progenitor cells.
What do the PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS have to do with lymphocytes?
They’re involved in the prod + early selection of lymphocytes.
What are lymphatic vessels?
Network carrying lymph fluid unidirectionally towards the heart.
Functions of the lymphatic system
Transportation of WBC to + from lymph nodes into bones Transportation of antigen-presenting cells to the lymph nodes where an immune response is stimulated.
What does the spleen act as?
A blood filter • Removes antibody-coated bacteria + anti-body coated blood cells through blood + lymph node circulation
What does the spleen synthesise??
Antibodies
Lymph nodes are widely distributed throughout the body, give some examples of where they can be found
Armpit Stomach
What are lymph nodes linked by?
Lymphatic vessels
Purpose of lymph nodes
Act as filters for foreign particles Important in the functioning of the immune system
What are lymph nodes packed tightly of?
WBCs called lymphocytes + macrophages.