Paper 1 past paper questions
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Describe the structure and bonding in magnesium
There is a giant lattice of cations with electrostatic forces of attraction between cations with delocalised electrons
What’s is the formula for reacting magnesium with steam
Mg(s) + H2O(g) → MgO(s) + H2(g)
What’s are some observations for reacting steam with magnesium
A white flame and a grey powder is formed
What’s the least soluble group 2 metal and what is it used for
• Ba(SO4) • Barium meals for x rays
What is electron impact
The sample being analysed is vaporised and then high energy electrons are fired at it. This usually knocks off one electron from each particle forming a 1+ ion
What atoms can be separated with electrolysis
Atoms above carbon in the reactivity series
What atoms aren’t separated with electrolysis
Atoms below carbon but above hydrogen in the reactivity series as they can be displaced by carbon instead
What are native metals
Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series and found in their pure metallic form
What is the test for reactivity for metals
• Look at the covered in oil • Observe them in air as some react with oxygen • observe in cold water as some will react with cold water • observe in hot water as some will react with hot water
Define relative atomic mass
The average mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of a carbon 12 atom
What the reason for adding chlorine to drinking water and a disadvantage
Adding chlorine to water kills bacteria but chlorine can be toxic
Na+ and F- have the same electron configuration. Explain why a fluoride ion is larger than a sodium ion.
Fluorine has a lower nuclear charge so the attraction to the outer shell of electron is weaker so the atomic radius is larger
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points
Because there is a giant ionic lattice with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ion so a lot of energy is required to break them
how do the results for the flame testa arrise
• electrons are promoted to a higher energy level • they return to a lower energy shell • the release energy at different frequency whick we can see as visible light
A student plans to titrate botanic acid solution with a solution of ethyl amine explain why this titration couldn’t be done using an indicator
This is a weak acid and weak base titration so the pH change is too gradual
Why is Electronspray ionisation is used instead of electron impact for the ionisation of protein
The protein doesn’t break up
How are ions detected in TOF mass spectrometry and how is relative abundance of ions determined
Ions hit the detector where they gain an electron which generates a current Current is proportional to the abundance
State one advantage of using methanol rather than hydrogen in fuel cells in use for cars
Methanol is a liquid so can be easily stored and transported
State why fuel cells don’t need to be electrically recharged
There is a continuous supply of reactants
What bonds in EDTA form coordinate bonds
4 of the O- ions and 2 N atoms
State why the concentration of aluminium sulfate solution can’t be determined by calorimetry
Colourless solution/ cant absorb visible light
Why is the enthalpy of hydration of fluoride ions more negative than the enthalpy of hydration of chlorine ions
Fluoride ions have a higher charge density because the ion is smaller Stronger attraction to the electron
what would happen to the EMF if the surface area of the platinum electrode increases
The EMF won’t change
what is the equation for sulfur and water
SO2 +H2O → H2SOH4