Thermodynamics
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
The law of thermodynamics apply to the ___
universe
First law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed’ energy in a system remains constant but may be converted from one form to another
The amount of energy contained within a system
enthalpy
When heat transferred to the system
endothermic
When heat is given off to the environment
exothermic
In endothermic reaction, the products have ____ energy than the reactants
more
In exothermic reactions the products have ___ energy than the reactants
less
the transfer of heat via direct contact
conduction
the transfer of heat due to motion of a liquid or gas
convection
The transfer of heat via electromagnetic radiation
radiation
Used to determine whether an expansion or compression is happening
work
Under constant ____, heat and enthalpy within a system is a same (e.g in ___)
pressure, calorimetry
The amount of energy that is required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of a substance by 1°C
specific heat capacity
The specific heat capacity for the same molecule depending on the ____, and is given by the formula ____. This means the the qsystem has to = ____. The heat required for a phase change, without changing the temperature is ____
phase, q = mc(delta T), -qsurroundings, q = m(delta H)
At a phase change, the ___ stays the same even though the __ __ increases. This is because any additional heat input is used to change the ___ not raise the temperature
temperature, heat energy, phase
A bomb calorimeter is used to measure the heat ___ by a sample ___ under a ___ atmosphere in a closed vessel surrounded by ___. The qreaction = ____, and qcal = ____
emitted, burned, oxygen, water, -qcal, c(delta T)
There are 3 ways to calculate the standard enthalpy change: through the __ ___, the enthalpies of ___, and ___ law
bond energies, formation, Hess’s
It takes energy to ___ a bond as atoms are in a __ __ state when they are not bonded
break, high energy
(bond energies) delta H = ______
sum of all bonds broken (reactants) - sum of all bonds formed (products)
the standard enthalpy of formation for an element in its standard state is always __
0
Says that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes
Hess’s law
The degree of disorder or randomness in a system
entropy
__, ___ molecules have more entropy as they have more ways to move around in a 3D space
large, complicated
Says that the entropy of the universe is always increasing
2nd law of thermodynamics