Nutrition

vital to life in varying amounts needed by a healthy, functional human body

• Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Water • Vitamins • Minerals

macronutrients: must be digested micronutrients: do not need to be digested get absorbed directly into bloodstream

Converted to glucose for energy Main energy source for the body and brain Provide short-term and long-term energy storage

• release quick energy to be used be calls • Provide material to build cells

made up of many sugar molecules need to be digested and broken down into simple sugars

come from plants can be broken down as a source of energy by plant or animal cells

Does not get digested into body technically not a nutrient because it is not digested makes up the cell wall that is the tough, outer covering of plant cells helps to keep our bowel movements regular

energy that is made and stored in animals

made up of one sugar molecule able to be absorbed in the small intestine

main source of energy for the body can be used immediately or stored in the body as glycogen Extra glucose is converted to fat fat gets stored in adipose tissues

large, complex molecules every body structure needs protein to survive

Building blocks of protein, containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

• build, strengthen and repair • create antibodies for immune system • make barmanes • create enzymes - Speed up chemical RN in cells • allow for muscle contractions • carries and stores items in the body

food that provides all 20 amino acids

Body is unable to produce these need to get these from the food that we eat 8 in total

Non-polar molecules like fats, oils, and cholesterol, composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and insoluble in water Essential for the body, storing energy and providing half of the fuel needed for bodily functions Excess calories are stored as fat

an example of a lipid found in the membrane of every cell in our bodies

• insulation & protection - layer of fat under skin and around organs • digestion & absorption bile is created from fat • helps build cell wall structures • Creates hormones

molecules called glycerol which are bonded to molecules called fatty acids

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms 2 types: saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

usually come from animal sources tend to be solid at room temperature

usually liquid at room temperature often considered to be “healthier” dietary fats come from plant sources