Atomic structure
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What is the mass (amu), charge and position of a proton?
1 positive charge Nucleus
What is the mass (amu), charge and position of a neutron?
1 No charge (neutral) nucleus
What is the mass (amu), charge and position of an electron?
the mass is so small it counts as 0 negative charge outer shell
What does the atomic number represent?
number of protons
what affect does the number of protons have?
the number of protons affects the nuclear charge of an atom
What does the number of protons equal?
number of electrons
What does the mass number equal
number of protons + neutrons
how can one work out the number of neutrons?
mass number - atomic number
Write out the nuclide notion for sodium if the mass number is 23 and the atomic number is 11
23 Na 11
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
in order of increasing atomic number
Describe the first energy level and the other energy levels EG. position of energy level and how many electrons they can hold
First energy level nearest to the nucleus hold a maximum of two electrons Other energy level -can hold a maximum of up to 8 electrons
What are isotopes?
atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number
What is RAM? (relative atomic mass)
average mass of all the isotopes of a single element
Formula for RAM?
(mass number x abundance of isotope 1) + (mass number and abundance of isotope 2) / 100
Why are atoms neutral?
they have an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons
When is an ion formed
when there is an imbalance of electrons to protons
What is an ion and how are they formed?
ions are charged particles and they are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
What happens to metal atoms to form ions?
they lose electrons to form positive ions
What happens to non metal atoms to form ions?
they gain electrons to form negative ions
What happens when atoms of other elements combine?
their electron arrangements change - They achieve a full outer energy level
A sample of silver is found to contain atoms of silver with different masses: 107Ag and 109Ag. The RAM of silver is 108. What does this suggest about the relative abundance of these different atoms?
Equal quantities of each isotope
A sample of chlorine is found to contain atoms of silver with different masses: 35Cl and 37 Cl. The RAM of chlorine is 35.5. What does this suggest about the relative abundance of the isotopes?
The isotope with a mass of 35 is the more abundant
What happens as you go down the group in alkaline metals
as you go down the group the reactivity increases
What happens as you go down the group in halogens
the reactivity decreases