Intro To Molecular Diagnostics
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA making RNA and RNA making proteins
An individual’s coded genetic information is hardwired into what?
DNA
What is the coded genetic information hardwired into DNA transcribed into?
Individual transportable pieces of messenger RNA
What synthesis does mRNA direct?
The synthesis of a particular protein based on the code it contains from transcribed genetic material
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual.
Another way of saying genetic makeup
Primary nucleotide sequence
How many alleles if a gene are they! What are their sources?
Two. One from mother and ine from father
What do you understand by phenotype?
Phenotype is the expressed physical characteristics of a gene product and its biological function
What determines one’s phenotype?
Their genotype
Do alterations in genotype change phenotype?
They may or may not
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid that contains genetic material
What is the structure of a DNA?
A DNA is a polymer of nucleotides
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate residual Nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are seen in DNA?
A - Adenine G - Guanine T - Thymine C - Cytosine
Identify the two bonds a DNA polymer is assembled by?
Intra-strand phosphodiester bond Interstrand hydrogen bond
What is the purpose of intra-strand phosphodiester bond in assembling DNA polymers?
It links the 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide with the 3’ hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide creating the DNA polymers sugar phosphate backbone
What bond is responsible for the sugar phosphate backbone of a DNA polymer?
Intra strand phosphodiester bond
What is the purpose of interstrand hydrogen bonds in assembling DNA polymer?
It gives DNA it’s helical conformation by joining A to T bases with 2 hydrogen bonds and G to C bases with 3 hydrogen bonds
How is RNA different in structure from DNA?
• RNA has ribose sugar structure - Exists in a single strand folded into complicated 3-D structure for function and integrity
What are the nitrogenous bases seen in RNA?
A - Adenine U - Uracil C - Cytosine G - Guanine
How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of nitrogenous bases?
DNA has thymine that RNA doesn’t and RNA has uracil that DNA doesn’t.
How many pairs of chromosomes are there?
23 pairs, 46 chromosomes in total.
With the help of what are chromosomes highly condensed?
With the help of associated structural proteins, mainly histones.
What is chromatin?
Nuclear DNA in conjugation with associated structural proteins