2 - Inorganic Chemistry (g) Acids, bases and salt preparations
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What are the solubility rules?
• All group 1 and ammonium compounds are soluble • All nitrates are soluble • Almost all sulphates are soluble apart from lead (II), barium and calcium • Almost all group 7 salts are soluble apart from silver, mercury and lead (II) • Almost all carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble apart from group 1 and ammonium (rule 1)
What are an acid and base in terms of proton transfer?
An acid is a proton donor A base is a proton acceptor A proton is the same as a hydrogen ion (H+). A good way to think about that is to realise that a hydrogen atom is just one proton and zero neutrons surrounded by only one electron. If that atom becomes an ion by the removal of the electron, then only one proton is left.
What is a base? What is usually a base? What are alkalis in terms of bases?
A base is a substance that neutralises an acid by combining with the hydrogen ions in it to produce water. A base usually means a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide or ammonia. Alkalis are bases which are soluble in water.
What are the products in a reaction with: Metal + Oxygen Metal + Water Metal + Acid Acid + Alkali Metal Hydroxide + Acid Metal Oxide + Acid Metal Carbonate + Acid
Metal + Oxygen –> Metal Oxide Metal + Water –> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Metal + Acid –> Salt + Hydrogen Acid + Alkali –> Salt + Water Metal Hydroxide + Acid –> Salt + Water Metal Oxide + Acid –> Salt + Water Metal Carbonate + Acid –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide