C14 - Organic chemistry
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What is a hydrocarbon
an organic compound made up of purely hydrogen and carbon
what are the properties of short and long chained hydrocarbons
short chained: lower melting point, lower viscosity, more flammable Long chained: Higher melting point, higher viscosity, less flammable
Fractional distillation separates
crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures.
Naphtha (in between gasoline and kerosene) used for
making chemicals.
Lubricating oil (in between fuel oil and bitumen) used for
lubricants, waxes and polishes.
Petrol use
fuel for cars
refinery gas use
domestic heating and cooking
kerosene use
fuel for aircrafts
Diesel oil use
cars and trains
fuel oil use
fuel for ships and power stations
Bitumen use
surfacing roads and roofs
How does fractional distillation separate crude oils
it is heated in a furnace and passed into the bottom of a fractionating column. It gives off mixtures of vapors that rise up the column and different fractions condense at different heights in which the liquids are collected at trays.
The homologous series is a series of
compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties
The physical properties that can change in a homologous series
As chains get longer boiling points increase Each new chain adds on another CH2
why does the boiling point of hydrocarbons increase as chains get longer
because there are more and more intermolecular forces between the molecules (although weak still add up)
what is the alkane molecular structure
carbon atoms are bonded to 4 other atoms (hydrogen or carbon)
alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because
they only contain single bonds with other atoms
Uses of alkanes
They are unreactive they can burn well making them a good source for fuel
General formula for alkane
CnH(2n+2) (For example: if hydrocarbon has 7 carbons than the formula is C7H16
Alkanes will react with chlorine in the presence of a
UV light which activates the chlorine to react
The reaction between alkane and chlorine is called
substitution reaction as one hydrogen atom in the hydrocarbon is replaced with one chlorine atom
the products of a alkane chlorine reaction are
chloroalkane + hydrogen chloride
What are the 4 smallest hydrocarbons in ascending order
methane, ethane, propane, butane
In an abundant supply of air alkanes burn to form
CO2 + water and is called complete combustion of alkanes in which a blue flame will be present