Chapter 4 - Genes, Evolution and Behaviour
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
what is the heritability coefficient
extent to which the degree of variation in a particular characteristic among a group of people can be attributed to genetic factors
what is concordance
the likelihood that two people share a aprticular chracteristic
describe what an adoption study entails
study of children who were adopted by comparing to both sets of parents if more similar to biological parents - genetically influenced if more similar to adoptive parents - environmentally influenced
what is the difference between gene and chromosome
● Gene: a DNA portion of the chromosome that carries the hereditary blueprint. ● Chromosome: a tightly coiled molecule of DNA that’s partly covered by protein. ● Difference is that the chromosome is made up of genes.
what is genetic determinism
The view that genes have invariant and unavoidable effects. It’s also the belief that human behavior is directly controlled by an individual’s genes.
Intelligence is based largely on ________, but also influenced by __________
Genetics, Environment
what is concordance
the likelihood that two people share a particular characteristic
in adoptions what does it mean if the child is more similar to biological parents the child is more similar to adoptive parents
More similar to biological: genetic influence More similar to adoptive: environmental influence
Identical twins raised ______ have higher correlation on IQ scores than identical twins raised ______
Identical twins raised together have higher correlation on IQ scores than identical twins raised apart
what is reaction range
the range of possibilities (upper and lower limits) that genetic code allows for a genetically influenced trait
what would be the ideal approach to observe genetics and personality
Ideal method approach to observe genetics and personality would be to observe personality traits in identical and fraternal twins who were reared together or apart would allow for the observation of genetics, environment and unique individual experiences
explain the definition of evolution in terms of genetics
the change over time in the frequency with which particular genes occur within a population
explain natural selection
characteristics that increase the likelihood of survival and ability to reproduce within a particular environment will be more likely to be preserved in the population and become more common over time
what is beneficial about adaptation
allows organisms to meet recurring environmental challenged to their survival, thereby increasing their reproductive ability
eastyn starts a species of eastyns. her species has an issue though, it is all female so theres no way to reproduce. the species eventually evolves both male and female sex organs. what type of adaptation is this
domain-specific adaptation designed to solve and particular problem
what is evolution personality theory
traits exist universally in humans because they have helped humans achieve the goals of physical survival
define parental investment
time, effort, energy, and risk associated with caring successfully for each offspring
_______ _______ identified that the parent who invests most in offspring will be more competed for and thus will discriminate more when choosing a mate
robert trivers
___________ mating system is expected when both parental investments is since, since it is unlikely that a single parent can successfully raise offspring
monogamous
_______ is a mating type that is rare where females mate is many males
polyandry
the Five Factor Model states that individual differences in personality can be accounted for by 5 variations, name em
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
how does the concept of reaction range illustrate the interaction between heredity and environment
Using the concept of range of reaction, a scientist would say that intelligence is determined by genes but manifests according to what the environment demands. In other words, if a child has the potential to be a genius, that potential must also be nurtured through education, nutrition, and a safe environment.
what are alleles
The two genes, one on each chromosome, that control the same trait.
what is Polygenic Transmission
A number of genes working together to create a particular phenotypic characteristic. intelligence is an example of this