Circulatory System
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How does the heart act?
As two pumps in series (right and left sides), connected by 2 circulations and two pumps with 2 valves.
What is pulmonary circulation?
• Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs [oxygenation takes place in alveoli. • Returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
What is Systemic Circulation?
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.
What is the upper chamber of the heart called?
Atrium
What is the lower chamber of the heart called?
Ventricle
Which valves are on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
What is the tricuspid valve?
• Between right atrium and ventricle • Atrioventricular: connects atrium and ventricle.
What is the pulmonic valve?
• Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery • Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
What is the Mitral valve?
• Bicuspid Valve • Atrioventricular Valve • Between left atrium and ventricle.
What is the Aortic Valve?
• Between left ventricle and aorta. • Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
What are the three layers of the heart?
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
What is the Endocardium?
Endothelial lining (inner) of the heart
What is the myocardium?
• Muscular middle layer • Contractile element of the heart
What is the Epicardium?
-Fibrous outer layer of heart - Coronary Arteries here
What do coronary arteries do?
Supply blood to the heart
What are the three layers of blood vessels? [Except capillaries]
• Tunica Adventitia (Outer) • Tunica Media ( Middle) • Tunica Intima ( Inner )
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta, Arteries, and Arterioles
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
Venules, Veins, and Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae
What do capillaries do?
• Connect arterioles and venules. • Composed of layer of endothelial cells.
What are the different mixtures of capillary blood?
Arterial and Venous Blood
What exchanges between capillary walls?
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, and Waste Products between blood and tissue cells.
How much blood does the average adult have?
5 to 6 Liters
What is the cellular portion of blood called?
Formed Elements
What percent of blood is plasma and what is formed elements?
55% is plasma 45% is formed elements