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Synthetic routes- reactions and conditions

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

dihalogenoalkane to diol

Back (Answer)

• Aqeous KOH • heat under reflux • nucleophilic substitution

#2
Front (Question)

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

Back (Answer)

• X2 • room temp • electrophilic addition

#3
Front (Question)

alkene to polyalkene

Back (Answer)

• high pressure • catalyst

#4
Front (Question)

alkane to halogenoalkane

Back (Answer)

• X2 • U.V light • free radical substitution

#5
Front (Question)

alkene to halogenoalkane

Back (Answer)

• HBr or HCl • room temp • electrophilic addition

#6
Front (Question)

halogenoalkane to alkene

Back (Answer)

• ethanolic KOH • heat under reflux • elimination

#7
Front (Question)

halogenoalkane to alcohol

Back (Answer)

• aqeous KOH • heat under reflux • nucleophilic substitution

#8
Front (Question)

alkene to alcohol

Back (Answer)

• Step 1: conc sulfuric acid, electrophilic addition • Step 2: H2O warm, hydrolysis

#9
Front (Question)

alcohol to alkene

Back (Answer)

• concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phoisphoric acid • 180° • elimination/dehydration

#10
Front (Question)

halogenoalkane to primary amine

Back (Answer)

• Alcoholic (ethanolic) ammonia • heat under pressure • nucleophilic subsitution

#11
Front (Question)

halogenoalkane to nitrile

Back (Answer)

• KCN in ethanol/water • heat under reflux • nucleophilic substitution

#12
Front (Question)

nitrile to primary amine

Back (Answer)

• LiAlH4 in ether (or H2 and nickel) • reduction

#13
Front (Question)

primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine

Back (Answer)

• halogenoalkane • nucleophilic substitution

#14
Front (Question)

primary amine to secondary amide/N-substituted amide

Back (Answer)

• acyl chloride • room temp • nucleophilic addition-elimination

#15
Front (Question)

alcohol to ester

Back (Answer)

• carboxylic acid & H2SO4 • heat • esterification

#16
Front (Question)

ketone to alcohol

Back (Answer)

• NaBH4 • reduction • nucleophilic addition

#17
Front (Question)

secondary alcohol to ketone

Back (Answer)

• H+/Na2Cr2O7 • heat • oxidation

#18
Front (Question)

primary alchohol to aldehyde

Back (Answer)

• H+/Na2Cr2O7 • heat and distill • partial oxidation

#19
Front (Question)

aldehyde to alcohol

Back (Answer)

• NaBH4 • reduction • nucleophilic addition

#20
Front (Question)

ketone to hydroxynitrile

Back (Answer)

• NaCN and sulfuric acid • Nucleophilic addition

#21
Front (Question)

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

Back (Answer)

• NaCN and sulphuric acid • nucleophilic addition

#22
Front (Question)

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

• H+/k2Cr2O7 • heat under reflux • excess oxidising agent oxidation

#23
Front (Question)

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

• H+/k2Cr2O7 • heat under reflux • excess oxidising agent oxidation

#24
Front (Question)

carboxylic acid to ester

Back (Answer)

• Alchohol and conc sulphuric acid • heat • esterification