Science Test #2: Cells & Bacteria
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What cell makes up most of the human body?
Red Blood Cells make up 80% of the cells in the Human Body.
What is the Nucleus of a Plant or Animal cell, and what are its contents?
The Nucleus of the Cell is the Cell’s CONTROL CENTRE it contains: - Chromosomes - Cytoplasm - Vacuoles - Cell Membrane - Cell Walls (Plant Cells only) - Chloroplasts (Plant Cells only)
Cytoplasm is?
A watery substance that lets material be transported within the Cell.
Vacuoles are?
Vacuoles are storage areas that hold water and nutrients in the Cell. Plant Cells have larger Vacuoles than Animal Cells.
Cell Membrane does what?
The Cell Membrane allows materials to pass in and out of the Cell.
What is the Cell Wall, and where is it found?
The Cell Wall is only found in Plant Cells. The Cell Wall’s purpose is to support and protect the Plant Cell.
What do Chloroplasts do, and where are they found?
Chloroplasts are only found in Plant Cells. Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll, which allows the Cell to conduct Photosynthesis.
Which Microscopic Kingdom is Bacteria part of?
Bacteria is part of the Monera Kingdom, single it is: a) prokaryotic b) doesn’t have a nucleus or any specialized organelles.
When is it assumed that Bacteria first appeared on Earth?
Around 4 billion years ago.
the Capsule of the Bacteria Cell is….?
The outer layer of the Bacteria Cell. It is assumed to be a slippery substance that lets the Bacteria Cell avoid being eaten by predators like White Blood Cells.
The Cell Wall (for Bacteria)
Provides stability to the Bacteria Cells (it keeps it together) is made of PEPTIDES and sugars. peptides are strand of AMINO ACIDS
Penicillin can do what to Bacteria’s Cell Walls?
It can weaken the Cell Wall by interfering with the Peptides.
What is Binary Fission for Bacteria?
Lets Bacteria Cells reproduce asexually Bacteria Colonies can continuously double due to Binary Fission.
Heterotrophic Bacteria?
They consume dead organic matter; i.e. skin cells
Autotrophic Bacteria?
They make their own food. There are 2 types of Autotrophic Bacteria: Photoautotrophic and Chemoautotrophic
Photoautotrophic Bacteria?
uses sunlight to make food i.e. Cyanobacteria in water
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria?
Breaks down inorganics like sulfur for energy, and combines them with carbon dioxide to create sugars. They’re often found near volcanoes on the ocean floor.
Parasites feed off of ______ ?
Other living organisms
The 6 Main Characteristics of Living Things are?
• the Ability to Use Energy • the Ability to Take in Raw Materials • the Ability to Get Rid of Waste • the Ability to Respond to the Outside World • the Ability to Reproduce • the Ability to Grow and Develop
An example of the Ability to Use Energy?
Converting Carbohydrates into Energy that the Body can use.
An Example of the Ability to Take in Raw Materials?
Consuming Food for Nutrients
An Example of the Ability to Get Rid of Waste?
Exhaling Carbon Dioxide
An Example of the Ability to Respond to the Outside World?
Reacting to Stimulation
An Example of the Ability to Reproduce?
Cell Division