Chapter 3- Structure And Bonding
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What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
The particles in a solid are…
They are packed closely together and vibrate around fixed positions
The particles in a liquid are…
The particles in a liquid are packed closely together but can slip and slide over each other in random motion
The particles in a gas are…
The particles in a gas on average have a lot of space between them and zoom around freely
What charge will a group 6 and group 2 element form?
Group two will form two plus Group six will form two minus
How do elements form compounds?
By gaining or losing electrons or sharing electrons
What combinations of groups can form ionic compounds
7 1 6 2
What are ionic compounds held together by?
They are held together by strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions. This is called ionic bonding.
What happens when metals form ions?
They lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions
What happens when non metals form ions?
They gain electrons in their outer shell to form negative ions
What charge would the ions in group 1,2,6 and 7 have?
1, +1 2, +2 6, 2- 7, 1-
Name 3 properties of ionic compounds
They have high melting and boiling points due to the many strong electrostatic attractions. When ionic compounds are solid they are held in place and don’t conduct electricity when they are melted they are able to conduct electricity because the atoms are free moving. Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water. When dissolved they conduct electricity
What is the empirical formula?
You will be given a structure and asked to look at the charges and work out the formula for the two atoms
What kind of atoms covalent bond?
Non metals
Describe the simple molecular bond of hydrogen
Hydrogen atoms have just one shell they only need one more to complete the first shell. The covenant bond consists of two hydrogen atoms
Describe the simple molecular bond of chlorine
Each chlorine atom only needs one more electron to complete the outer shell. So two chlorine atoms form a single covenant bond
Describe the simple molecular bond of oxygen
Only needs two more electrons. Two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons making a double covalent bond
Describe the simple molecular bond of nitrogen
Nitrogen atoms need three more electrons. So two nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons, it creates a triple bond
Describe the simple molecular bond of methane
It forms 4 covenant bonds with hydrogen
Describe the simple molecular bond of water
In water molecules the oxygen forms two covenant bonds with hydrogen forming two single covalent bonds
Is the melting point high or low of simple molecular substances
It’s low because the forces between the molecules is weak not the force between the atoms
Do molecular compounds conduct electricity, why?
They don’t because they aren’t charged
What state are most molecular substances at room temperature?
Most are either liquid or gas
Why is a polymer?
It’s lots of small units that are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections. All of the atoms in a polymer are joined by covenant bonds .