9.2 Fractional distillation of oil
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (11)
Viscosity def
How thickly it flows
What happens to boiling point as the carbon atoms in hydrocarbons increase? (Short —> long chain)
Boiling point increases
What happens to viscosity as the carbon atoms in hydrocarbons increase? (Short —> long chain)
It goes from very runny (low viscosity) to thick (high viscosity)
What happens to flammability as the carbon atoms in hydrocarbons increase? (Short —> long chain)
Goes from higher flammability to lower flammability with a smoky flame
What can the fractions in crude oil be used for
To produce fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry
Examples of fuels produced by crude oil
• petrol • diesel oil • kerosene • heavy fuel oil • liquefied petroleum gases
What materials are produced form crude oil
Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents
Why is there such a vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds
Due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds
Explain how the fractional distillation of crude oil works
• crude oil is heated and fed in near the bottom of a fractionating column as hot vapour • the column is kept very hot at the bottom and cooler at the top, so the temperature decreases going up the column • the gases move up the column and the hydrocarbons condense when they reach the temperature of their boiling points • the different fractions are collected as liquids at different levels in a continuous process
What happens to the hydrocarbons with the smallest molecules during fractional distillation
• they have the lowest boiling points • piped out of the cooler top of the column as gases
What happens to the fractions with high boiling points
they cool to form very thick liquids or solids at room temperature