Organic Chemistry
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (13)
substitution reaction
• alkanes can react with chlorine in the presense of ultraviolet light to form hydrogen chloride and a substituted alkane • example: methane can reaction with chlorine to form chloromethane • example: ethane can reaction with bromine to form bromoethane
heterolytic fission
both of shared electrons go to one of the atoms resulting in a negative and positive ion
homolytic fission
each of the two atoms forming the bond retains one of the shared electrons resulting in the formation of two free radicals
Why is the bond between two halogen atoms weaker than c-c or c-h?
halogen bond can break homolytically in the presence of ultraviolet light
initiation of chlorine molecule
Cl2–>Cl.+Cl.
propagation of chlorine molecule
CH4+Cl.–>C.H3+HCl
termination of chlorine molecule
• Cl.+Cl.–>Cl2 • two radicals react together
primary alcohols
oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate (VI) to aldehydes then to carboxylic acids
secondary alcohols
oxidised to ketones
tertiary alochols
cannot be oxidised because they have no hydrogen atoms attached directly to the carbon atoms containing the OH group
electrophile
electron-deficient species often formed in situ that can accept electron pairs
esterification
alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with carboxylic acids
condensation reaction
reaction between two molecules to produce a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule such water or hydrogen chloride