Chapter 5
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Matter is made of these three things
atoms, ions, and molecules
Atoms, Ions, and Molecules are in…
constant motion in all directions at different speeds
the more kinetic energy and object has the ____ the object feels
hotter
As kinetic energy goes up, speed goes up. They have a ___ relationship
Direct
Speed and Temperature are ____ related
directly
Temperature is
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object
when you move the particles that make up matter further apart, the ______ of that matter increases
Potential Energy
Thermal energy moves from areas of _____ concentration to areas of ____ concentration
High - Low
thermal energy is
the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles that make up that object
potential energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy are ____ related
directly
What two factors does thermal energy depend on
temperature and mass
Heat is
the energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between those objects
heat is measured in
joules
warm objects ALWAYS ____ cool objects but the reverse never occurs
heat
cold is
the absence of heat
a substance’s temperature change depends on these three things
the amount of thermal energy inside, the mass, and the nature of the substance
specific heat is
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1° Celsius
specific heat is measured in
Joules per kilogram degree Celsius (J/kg°C)
water has a high specific heat because
the molecules have strong attractions
metals have low specific heat because
the electrons move throughout easily, which transfers thermal energy quickly
because water can absorb thermal energy without a large change in temperature it is useful as a ____
coolant
a coolant is
a substance that is used to absorb thermal energy
Q=
change in thermal energy
C=
Specific heat