7 Organic Seperate 2
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What is polymerisation?
The process of using small molecules (monomers) to make long chain molecules (polymers)
What are the two types of polymerisation?
Addition and condensation
What monomers are involved in addition polymerisation?
Alkenes
How do we draw polymers?
In round brackets with an n [poly(ethene) is shown]
What type of monomers are involved in condensation polymerisation?
Ones with two functional groups (like a diol)
What are the products of condensation polymerization?
A polymer and a small molecule (usually water)
What is an amino acid?
A biological molecule with two functional groups
Which functional groups do amino acids have?
NH2 and -COOH
What do amino acids form during a condensation reaction?
Polypeptides
What is formed from different amino acids combined in one chain?
Proteins
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA?
A large molecule containing genetic information
What is the structure of DNA?
Two polymer chains made from nucleotides in the form of a double helix
Name four naturally occurring polymers
DNA, proteins, starch, cellulose
What monomers are starch and cellulose made of?
Glucose
Why are condensation polymers named as they are?
They eliminate water when they form.
How may water molecules are formed for every pair of different monomers that react to form a condensation polymer
2
What is a weak acid? Give an example.
An acid which only partially ionises in water. All carboxylic acids are weak,
What type of link joins the two different monomers in polyesters?
Ester
What type of link joins the two different monomers in polyamides?
Amide
What type of monomer are proteins made from?
Amino acids
What type of monomer is DNA made from>
Nucloetides
What is the repeating unit made from base-sugar-phosphate in DNA called?
Nucleotide