Structure and Bonding
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What happens to the bonds and intermolecular forces when a solid melts?
• The bonds remain the same • Intermolecular forces are broken/weakened
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, it has a charge.
Do metals form positive or negative ions?
Positive.
Do non-metals form positive or negative ions?
Negative.
What types of atoms form ionic bonds?
Metals and non-metals.
What is the formula for a silver ion?
Ag⁺
What is the formula for an ammonium ion?
NH₄⁺
What is the formula for a zinc ion?
Zn²⁺
What is the formula for a lead?
Pb²⁺
What is the formula for an aluminium ion?
Al³⁺
What is the formula for a nitrate ion?
NO₃⁻
What is the formula for a sulfate ion?
SO₄²⁻
What is the formula for a carbonate ion?
CO₃²⁻
What is an ionic bond?
Electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Which types of bonding have high melting/boiling points?
Metallic and ionic.
In which sates can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Liquid and aqueous.
What types of atoms form covalent bonds?
Non-metals.
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons.
What holds covalently bonded atoms together?
Electrostatic forces of atraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons.
As size of a covalent molecule increases, what happens to the strength of the intermolecular forces?
They get stronger.
What is an allotrope?
Different structural forms of a single element.
Why is graphite a good electrical and thermal conductor?
Each carbon atom only forms 3 covalent bonds. So there is a delocalised electron which can move through the layers.
How man covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
4
What is the structure of graphene?
• A single layer of graphite • 2D • Delocalised electrons