1.6 Respiration
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What is respiration?
A series of enzyme controlled reactions carried out in cells to release chemical energy stored in glucose
How does the energy released from pyruvate breakdown generate ATP?
ADT + phosphate traps energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate.
How does ATP release energy?
By breaking it down to ADP + phosphate
Give Examples of ATP uses in the cell
Chemical reactions Cell growth Active transport Cell division
Describe the breakdown of glucose via pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water
Glucose is broken down into two molecules of ATP 2ATP is produced during this process this happens in the cytoplasm if oxygen is available the pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondrion this is where most of the ATP is produced
How much ATP does aerobic respiration produce per glucose?
38 ATP
What is the summary equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen –> +carbon dioxide + water
What are the location(s) of aerobic respiration?
starts - cytoplasm ends - mitochondria
When describe glucose be broken down, via pyruvate, to lactic acid in animal cells?
When there is no oxygen available fermentation happens in animal cells this means that only the 2 ATP from glycolysis are produced along with lactate
What is the summary equation for fermentation in animal cells?
Glucose –> Lactate
Describe the breakdown of glucose, via pyruvate, to ethanol and carbon dioxide
When there is no oxygen available fermentation occurs In plant cells this means that only the 2ATP from glycolysis are produced along with ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What is the summary equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Where does fermentation happen?
Cytoplasm
How many molecules of ATP does fermentation produce?
2 ATP