Chemical Kinetics
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In the formation of ammonia, order is 0 only when:
Pressure is high
1st order seen in
Artificial & natural radioactivity
2nd order comes under;
Saponification(add NaOH) of ester
Factors for rate of reaction
Conc, Surf Area, Temp Catalyst, Nature of reactant
Elementary vs complex reactions
Rns take place in 1 step vs more than 1 step
Ist order examples
N2O5 to 4NO2 + O2 SO2Cl2 to SO2 + Cl² Hydrogenation of ethene
___ of the slowest step is the order of rn.
Molecularity
Molecularity vs order
Molecularity: no of molecules taking part in an elementary rn, only for elementary, found theoretically, can’t be 0 or fraction Order: sum of powers, both elementary & complex rns, found experimentally, can be 0 or frac
Rate vs rate const
Rate: change in conc of R or P, r = k[a][b], mol/Ls Rate const: const of prop in differential rate eqn, written as k, mol/Ls or 1/s or 1/mol
Rate const for 0 order
K = ([R(o)] - [R])/t
K for 1st order
K = 2.303/t log[R(o)]/[R]
which all factors does catalyst not affect?
ΔG, energy of reactants & products, ΔH, ΔS and K(c)
Examples for pseudo 1st order rns
Hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate Ch3COOC6h5 + h20 -> Ch3COOH + C6h5Oh Inversion of cane sugar: c12h22o11 + h20 -> c6h12o6 + c6h12o6
When conc increases, emf
decreases
NO3 is
nitrate
NO2 is
nitrite
ln K Vs 1/T graph
-ve slope -Ea/R
Effective collision
Collisions with energy more or equal to activation energy
Collision freq
No of collisions per sec