Topic 4 - Extracting Metals and Equilibria
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Identify which element has been oxidise in the following reaction: CuO + H2 -> Cu + H20
H2
Because Calcium is more reactive than copper, which is more easily oxidised?
Calcium
How do metals react with water?
Metal + Water -> Metal Hydoxide + Hydrogen
Would Silver displace iron from iron chloride solution?
No, as Silver is not as reactive as iron
Lithium sits between sodium and calcium in the reactivity series State whether lithium would displace zinc from zinc sulfate solution and explain your answer?
Yes as lithium is more reactive than zinc
What is a metal ore?
A rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting the metal from it
What are most ores located?
In the Earth’s crust
How is carbon used in extraction of metals?
It removes the oxygen
State the equation of iron oxide being added to carbon?
Iron Oxide + Carbon -> Iron + Carbon Dioxide
How would you extract tin from its metal ore? Explain your answer
Tin is less reactive than carbon so you could extract tin from its ore by reducing it with carbon
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and carbon?
Zinc Oxide + Carbon -> Zinc + Carbon Dioxide 2ZnO + C -> 2Zn + CO2
What metals are electrolysed?
Metals more reactive than carbon
What goes to the cathode?
The metal
What goes to the anode?
The non-metal
Al2O3 is electrolysed State the ionic equations for the products?
Al3+ + 3e- -> Al 2O2- - 4e- -> O2
What is the disadvantage of electrolysis?
Expensive to melt/dissolve and get electricity
What is bioleaching?
Bacteria is used to separate metals from their ores, where the bacteria get energy from the bonds between the atoms
What is phytoextraction?
Growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds that they cannot use so they simply get stored in their leaves. The leaves can then be harvested.
What would be more expensive to extract, iron or aluminium?
Aluminium because it requires electrolysis which is more much expensive than reducing with carbon
What does recycling conserve?
Resources and energy
What are the disadvantages of extracting metals?
Mines are damaging and destroy habitats they are also an eye sore
Explain how a metal’s relative resistance to oxidation is related to its position in the reactivity series?
Because metal reactivity is how easily an electron is lost and resistance to oxidation is how resistant an atom is to oxidisng both mean the same thing
What are unreactive metals found as?
Uncombined elements
What does the extraction of metals involve?
The reduction of ores