Ear

Outer ear Channel and funnel for sound

Carry’s sound to eardrum

Eardrum Vibrations= sound waves striking (sound energy is transferred here as mechanical energy)

Transmit vibrations from eardrum to oval window Malleus (hammer Ancus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) strike oval window

Oval window area>eardrum

Vibrations of stapes go to inner ear

Inner ear is fluid fuild so if it wasn’t amplified it would be hard to move

Convert vibrations to neural signal Stapes movement of oval window moves fluid here Organ of corti- tectorial membrane basilar membrane and specialized cilia

End of cochlea Vibrates in opposite direction of oval window to reduce pressure

Vibrations from oval winded into cochlea= action potential (selective) and resonate w hair bundles

Allows for pitch differentiation

Close to oval window, basilar membrane is narrow and stiff= vibrated by high frequency Farther down it’s wide and flexible = lower frequency

Amplitude increases w volume Louder noise increases pressure on hair

Sends impulse to brain

Cochlea hair depolarize vibrations= neurotm releases= stimulated next sensory neuron= AP in auditory nerve

Controlled by vestibule Filled w jelly which have otiliths (CaCO3 crystals that move when head moves) Gravity pulls otiliths causing cilia to bend= stimulates sensory neuron and impulse is sent to cerebellum

I’m ampulla (pocket) of each semicircular canal is cupua (jelly w cilia) Rotation cause fluid to move-= cupulla and cilia to bend generating a nerve impulse