TYS 2019

Microvilli increases surface area to volume ratio of villi of the small intestine; To increase absorption of digested food molecules at a faster rate into the blood stream of the villi;

The hole in the wall between the two atria will result in mixing of deoxygenated blood in the right atrium with the oxygenated blood in the left atrium; Resulting in insufficient/ lesser amount of oxygen transported to other organs and cells; decreasing the rate of respiration and lesser energy released for cellular activities;

Water molecules enter the leaf from xylem, due to transpiration pull; net movement of water molecules from the cells surrounding xylem to the adjacent mesophyll cells, down a water potential gradient by osmosis; Water molecules move out of the mesophyll cells to form a thin film of moisture lining the surface of the mesophyll cells which evaporates to form water vapour in the intercellular air spaces; Water vapour diffuses from the intercellular air spaces out of the leaf through the stomata into the atmospheric air/ atmosphere; Down a water vapour concentration gradient during transpiration;

Gaseous exchange can take place, carbon dioxide can diffuse into the leaf via opened stomata for increased photosynthesis rate [1] Oxygen can also diffuse out of the leaf [1] Water vapour can diffuse out of the leaf and this help to cool the plant down as it helps removes latent heat [1] The open stomata would allow the transpiration stream/pull to deliver water to be used in photosynthesis and maintain of cell turgor [1]

Social issues: * This method of production could potentially reduce cost of medicine for consumers, making it more affordable * The new proteins in chicken might cause allergy in human when consumed Altered gene to produce human protein in chicken eggs may be toxic or cancer-causing to people who consume it. * May lead to class distinction where only individual with financial means can afford such GM proteins as medication. Ethical issues: * Some people may find it morally wrong to exploit chickens for medical research in genetic engineering * Vegans and vegetarians may find it offensive to consume genes from animal source in these type of medicine.

Having more fishes that are 40 cm and longer indicates that more fishes are in the adult stage and hence are larger; [1] Reflects that fishes are able to survive and reproduce, thus increasing population size; [1] It also indicates a large population of secondary and tertiary consumers; [1] This indirectly shows that there are sufficient food in the ocean ecosystem to support a larger population of high trophic level consumers; [1]