Cell Membrane
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What are the two type of cell boundaries?
Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
What is the Structure of a Cell Membrane?
Has a thin, flexible lipid barrier that surrounds the cell; It’s found in all living cells
What is the Structure of a Cell Wall?
Has a strong, yet flexible carbohydrate structure that surrounds the cell membrane; Only animal cells don’t have it
Functions of a cell membrane
Protects the cell from the outside environment, controls what enters and exits, allows cells to communicate, recognize one another, and connect each other, maintains homeostasis
What is Semi-permeable?
Allowing specific liquids to pass through
What is a phospholipid?
A type of lipid that has a phosphate head that is hydrophilic, and two fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic
Phospholipid Bilayer
Two layers of lipids that are selective of what passes through the membrane
What is cholesterol and what is its role?
A type of lipid found, inbetween fatty acid tails, that keeps the membrane intact as well as maintaining its fluidity
What is an Integral protein and where is it found?
Goes through the entire bilayer, mostly used for transport allowing molecules through the membrane
What is a Peripheral protein and where is it found?
Found on the surface of the membrane, acts as a receptor –> triggering responses when specific molecules are attached to them
What can pass through the cell membrane?
Hydrophobic/ Non-polar solutes, small molecules such as gases
What can’t pass through the cell membrane?
Hydrophilic solutes, larger molecules
Is energy required for passive transportation?
No (Ex. Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
Is energy required for active transportation?
ATP cell energy is required (Ex. Protein pumps, exocytosis, endocytosis)
Diffusion
A process of passive transport where molecules move through a membrane from a high to low concentration depending on mass, envirment, and temperature
What is it called when the concentration on both sides of membranes are the same?
Equilibrium
Facilitated diffusion
A diffusion of molecules moving through a membrane with the help of protein channels protecting them from hydrophobic zones
Osmosis
A process of passive transport where water moves through a membrane from a high/low concentration depending on mass, enviroment, and temperature
Membrane Protein “Pumps”
Proteins that force molecules to go through the membrane, but requires ATP energy to do so
Exocytosis
A process where vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, releasing large materials outside of the cell which requires ATP
How do nerves cells use exocytosis?
Releases chemicals that causes a response in another cell
Endocytosis
A vesicle is formed within the cell membrane to take large materials into the cell which requires ATP energy
What uses the process of endocytosis?
Some one-celled organisms use it to eat
How do white blood cells use endocytosis?
to engulf viruses and bacteria that enters the body in which the vesicle containing the bacteria or virus is digested by the lysosome