B5 INHERITANCE
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how are gametes made?
cell division called meiosis
what does meiosis produce?
non-identical cells
give an example on where meiosis takes place?
flowering plants gametes = pollen and egg cells
what is sexual reproduction and the features of it?
fusion of male and female gametes. (fertilisation). mixing of genetic material
what is an example of asexual reproduction?
aphid reproducing
what is asexual reproduction?
only one parent. only 1 parent of the offspring. does not involve gametes = no mixing of genetic material = genetically identical = clones
does meiosis take place in asexual reproduction?
no because it does not involve gametes
does mitosis take place in asexual reproduction?
yes
where does meiosis take place in the human body?
reproductive organs. testes = male ovaries = female
1st stage of meiosis?
all of the chromosomes are copied
2nd stage of meiosis?
cells divide into two
3rd stage of meiosis?
divide one more time forming gametes
what happens to the chromosomes in the gametes?
chromosomes are single , not paired . (before they were in pairs) meiosis has halved the number of chromosomes
how many gametes does meiosis produce?
4 gametes from one original cell, genetically different from each other. each gamete has different alleles
what happen to gametes after they are produced?
gamete from male and female join together (fertilisation). after fertilisation the cell has normal number of chromosomes.
what happens after fertilisation?
The new cell is divided by mitosis , producing clumps of identical cells = embryo. as the embryo develops the cells differentiate forming different cell types (in animal = nerve and muscle cells)
what is DNA?
two polymer (lots of smaller molecules) strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix.
where is DNA found?
chromosomes
what is a gene?
small section of DNA on a chromosome , it encodes for a specific sequence for amino acids to make a specific protein
how are proteins made?
joining together amino acids.
how many genes does a human have?
thousands
what is a genome?
entire genetic material of an organism
what is the human genome?
entire genetic material that makes a human
why is understanding the human genome important?
help us to search for genes that are linked to disease. e.g genes that increase the risk of developing cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. help us understand and treat inherited disorders e.g cystic fibrosis. trace human migration patterns from the past (helps people to discover their ancestry)