C1.3/4- Separating Mixtures

• made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined and do not react together

Made up of one type of atom only

Smallest part of an element which can be recognised as that element

• has a fixed composition • chemicals in a compound must be separated by a chemical reaction • they have chemical bonds between the atoms of the different elements in a compound

Ratio of elements present is always the same in any particular compound I.e H20

• has no fixed composition • different elements in a mixture can be separated more easily • there are no chemical bonds between the atoms of different substances in the mixture

• by physical means • using the differences in properties of each substances • relying on properties like boiling points or magnetism

• filtration • crystallisation • distillation • chromatography

-separates substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from solute

1- fill up beaker with 50ml of water 2-pour 4-5 spatula scoops of rock salt and stir 3- outline a conical flask with filter paper and pour in solution 4-filtration will take place here, removing any insoluble matter on the paper and leaving the filtrate to pass through

• beaker • sodium chloride • spatula • conical flask • filter paper • rock salt

-usually used to separate salt and water solutions -Done by: Heating up the solution in an evaporating dish over a water bath Then the heat should be removed allowing the remain water to evaporated at room temperature

• this process allow us to collect the solvent instead of letting it evaporate into the air • allows us to purify water • eg allows us to turn seawater into usable water

1- solution is heated to evaporate the solvent 2- vapour given off then enters the condenser so that it can be turned into a liquid -it is the collected in a receiving vessel -any remaining matter will be left in the heating flask

• outer glass tube - has water flowing through it that acts as a ‘cooling jacket’ around the inner glass tube from the flask

The liquid in which the solute dissolved -usually water

The substance that dissolved into a liquid to form a solution

Mixture formed when a solute has dissolved in a solvent

Describes a substance that is able to dissolve

Describes a substance that will not dissolve

-separates mixtures of miscible liquids and liquids that have different boiling points

-Describes liquids that dissolve into each other or mix completely -they will not form separate layers seen in immiscible mixtures I.e oil+water

-have different boiling points

• collect the liquid with the lowest boiling point first as it will evaporate first • adding a fractionating column means that both vapours will pass through the beads • but the substance with the higher boiling point will condense and fall back down • while the liquid with the lower boiling point will pass through and enter the condenser